Impact of the sustainable livelihood program on beneficiaries in Laoag City: An assessment of social adequacy, economic sufficiency, and program effectiveness

Abstract

The Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) aims to enhance the socio-economic well-being of beneficiaries by providing livelihood opportunities, skills development, and support services. This study designed a research-based development plan for an enhanced SLP in Laoag City based on the extent of availment of SLP, and social adequacy and economic sufficiency of its beneficiaries during the calendar year 2025. It also described the program track, modalities, and types of availed services and the beneficiaries’ social adequacy and economic sufficiency, analyzed the relationship between program availment and these outcomes, and identified challenges in accessing the program.

A descriptive-correlational design was employed. Data were collected from beneficiaries using structured surveys and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed with mean, weighted mean, t-tests, and regression analysis, while qualitative responses were thematically examined to identify challenges and support actionable recommendations.

Results indicated that beneficiaries generally exhibited very high social adequacy and high economic sufficiency. Regression analysis revealed that program modalities, rather than program track or type of availment, significantly influenced economic sufficiency, highlighting the importance of strategic program delivery. The study also identified substantial structural, operational, and logistical challenges that constrained full utilization of SLP services. The data gathered and analyzed provided the bases for the development of a proposed plan to enhance the program.  The plan was assessed by experts as valid.

Based on these findings, recommendations focused on enhancing program effectiveness through targeted interventions, legal compliance, improved quality standards and local branding, expanded market access, and strengthened capacity-building and knowledge-sharing initiatives. Tailored training and support aligned with beneficiaries’ specific needs were emphasized to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes. Addressing both structural and contextual barriers enhances the program’s potential to empower households, improve economic sufficiency, and foster long-term community development in Laoag City.