Exploring the experiences of parents and strategies in managing behavioral challenges of learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and barriers

Abstract

Parenting a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges, particularly in managing behavioral difficulties that affect learning, social interactions, and family functioning. This study explored the lived experiences of ten purposively selected parents of learners with ASD in the Municipality of Flora, Province of Apayao, focusing on strategies employed and barriers encountered in behavior management. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase thematic framework. Results showed that learners with ASD commonly experience communication difficulties, emotional dysregulation, sensory sensitivities, and behavioral rigidity. Parents implemented structured routines, professional guidance, reinforcement techniques, and ongoing adaptation, yet challenges persisted, including maintaining consistency, managing sensory-triggered behaviors, and coping with stress. Despite these difficulties, parents exhibited resilience, patience, and commitment to their children’s development. Findings highlight the need for accessible parent training, strengthened school–home collaboration, and community-based support, and recommend that policymakers, educators, and practitioners develop context-sensitive, parent-centered programs to enhance caregiver capacity and improve behavioral outcomes for learners with ASD, particularly in rural settings.